Croatian personal pronouns
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Sign up for freeThe first category of the pronouns we will study are personal pronouns = osobne zamjenice. We will learn the types of pronouns and how to use them.
Lesson outline
HideWhat is a personal pronoun?
A personal pronoun refers to a specific person, group of people or to an object. They are used to replace the name of a specific subject within the phrase. E.g. the person who speaks or the object we are talking about.
In formal speech you in singular is written with upper case letters. If you refer to a group it is written with small letters.
- Molim Vas dođite na vrijeme! = Please be on time!
- Javljamo vam da je seminar odgođen. = We let you know that the seminar was postponed.
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Declension of personal pronouns
Pay attention because personal pronouns have to be declined. Personal pronouns take different forms depending on number (singular or plural), gender, case or formality.
Nominative case
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| ja (me) | mi (we) |
| ti (you) | vi (you) |
| on (he) | oni (they; masculine gender) |
| ona (she) | one (they; feminine gender) |
| ono (it) | ona (they; neuter gender) |
Genitive case
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| mene, me | nas, nas |
| tebe, te | vas, vas |
| njega, ga | njih, ih |
| nje, je | njih, ih |
| njega, ga | njih, ih |
Dative case
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| meni, mi | nama, nam |
| tebi, ti | vama, vam |
| njemu, mu | njima, im |
| njoj, joj | njima, im |
| njemu, mu | njima, im |
Accusative case
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| mene, me | nas, nas |
| tebe, te | vas, vas |
| njega, ga | njih, ih |
| nju, ju, je | njih, ih |
| njega, ga | njih, ih |
Vocative case
Vocative case has only 2nd person singular (ti) and 2nd person plural (vi).
Locative case
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| meni | nama |
| tebi | vama |
| njemu, njem | njima |
| njoj | njima |
| njemu, njem | njima |
Instrumental case
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| mnom, mnome | nama |
| tobom | vama |
| njim, njime | njima |
| njom, njome | njima |
| njim, njime | njima |
The atonic form of personal pronouns
Important feature of the personal pronouns is the existence of short or atonic forms in many cases. Pay attention that atonic forms come at the second place in the sentence according to the correct order of the word. The correct order would be "Koje ju skladbe opuštaju?" and not "Koje skladbe ju opuštaju?" ("Which compositions relax her?"). Keep in mind to always pose a related question word for every case.
There are tow rules you should follow regarding when to use atonic forms:
- With the prepositions kroz, nad, pod, pred, uz ( through, over, under, front, next). An -a is added to prepositions. For ex. Kroza nj je prošao s autom. = Trough it he passed by car.
- To avoid repeating the same syllabe. For example the atonic form in accusative ( for feminine gender, 3rd person singular ) is "je, ju". The correct version would be "Vidio ju je." and not "Vidio je je."