Days of the week, months and seasons in Slovak

Let´s learn how to express what day, month or season is it, or more specifically, what date is it.

Remember the vocabulary:

Slovak names of the days of the week

There are 7 days in a week, which are listed below. To answer the question WHEN something happened add "v" before the day of the week. It means the same as "on" Monday.

Remember, that Slovak days are written with small initial letters.

Example:

• V pondelok ráno. = On Monday morning.
• V stredu poobede. = On Wednesday afternoon.

OBS! Streda, sobota, nedeľa change the enging from "-a" to "-u". V stredu, v sobotu, v nedeľu.

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Learn how to say Slovak months 

In Slovakia, we have 12 names of the months similar to English. We also use "v" in front of the months to express WHEN.

The exception is, we say "vo" instead of "v" with the month of February. 

You can see some exceptions with creating the names of the months together with "v" or "vo".

• Always add "i" at the end of the month. (v marci = in march)
• Exception is August, where you add "e" instead of "i". (v auguste = in august)
• In 5 months you delete "e" from the second letter from the end => marec = v marci. Those months are: marec, september, október, november, december.

How to say seasons in Slovak language

We also have 4 different seasons. To express WHEN, you also use "v", meaning "in". The only exception is "in spring" what we translate as "na jar".

Example:

• V lete je teplo. = In the summer, it is warm.
• V zime je zima. = In the winter, it is cold.
• Vianoce sú v zime. = Christmas is in the winter.

How do I write the date in Slovak?

It is pretty simple. You already know how to say ordinal numbers. Now you only need to change the ending of the words and you can express the date.

You learned that all of the ordinal numbers end with "-ý/-í/-y". Just remove it and add "-ého" or "eho". It depends on whether the word ended with long vowel or short vowel. If the word ended with long vowel "-ý" or "-í" you add "-ého". If the word ended with short vowel "y" or "i" you add "-eho". This is the way how to create the date consisting of a day and a month.

• 1. - prvý = prvého
• 10. - desiaty = desiateho
• 27. - dvadsiaty siedmy = dvadsiateho siedmeho
• 31. - tridsiaty prvý = tridsiateho prvého

Only exception is "tretí", where it changes to "tretieho". 

• Dnes je tretieho februára. = Today it is 3rd of February.

Also the names of the months change - all the rules as mentioned above applies, only you change ending "-i" to "-a".

Example:

• 21st May= dvadsiateho prvého mája
• 4th March= štvrtého marca
• 17th October= sedemnásteho októbra

Good to know! Equivalent to English st,nd,rd,th is adding a dot after the number instead. Example: 1st is the same as 1. in Slovak.

Example dialog

Recap this lesson with this example dialog!

Marek: Dnes je zima.  Aké je tvoje obľúbené ročné obdobie? (Today it is cold. What is your favourite season?)

Jozef: Mám rád leto. A tvoje? (I like summer. And yours?)

Marek: Moje obľúbené ročné obdobie je jeseň. Mimochodom, koľkého je? (My favourite season is autumn. By the way, what date is it?)

Jozef: Dnes je nedeľa, šiesteho januára. Zajtra je pondelok. (Today is Sunday 6th of January. Tomorrow is Monday.)

Marek: Ďakujem. A kedy príde tvoja mama? (Thank you. And when is your mother coming?)

Jozef: Budúcu nedeľu, trinásteho januára. Kedy sú tvoje narodeniny? (Next Sunday, 13th of January. When is your birthday?)

Marek: Veľa zábavy. Moje narodeniny sú štrnásteho januára a tvoje? (Have fun. My birthday is in the winter, 14th of January, yours?)

Jozef: Skvelé. Moje narodeniny sú na jar, tretieho marca. (Great. My birthday is in spring, 3rd of March.)

Now you are ready to practice with some exercises!