Present simple tense in Bulgarian
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Hide- 1.When to use the present simple tense?
- 2.Signal words
- 3.Verb conjugation
- 3.1.А/Я Group (3rd conjunction)
- 3.1.1.Verb: Искам - to want
- 3.1.2.Verb: Вечерям - to dine
- 3.2. E group (1st Conjunction)
- 3.2.1.Verb: Пия - To drink
- 3.3. И - group (2nd Conjunction)
- 3.3.1.Verb: Правя - To do
- 4.Conjugation of Reflexive verbs
- 4.1.Verb: Връщам се - To return
- 4.1.1.Verb: Имам си- To have
- 5.Exercises
- 5.1.Fill in the right form of the verb
- 5.2.Choose the right signal word
1. When to use the present simple tense?
We use the present simple tense to talk about:
1. A fact
| Земята се върти около слънцето. | Zemyata se varti okolo sluntzeto. | The Earth rotates around the sun. |
| Хората имат нужда от храна. | Horata imat nuzhda ot hrana. | People need food. |
2. A habit or repeated action
| Често играя тенис. | Chesto igraya tenis. | I play tennis often. |
| Всеки ден ходя на работа. | Vseki den hodya na rabota. | I go to work every day. |
3. An activity happening now
| Слушам музика в момента. | Slusham muzika v momenta. | I am listening to music at the moment. |
| Играя компютърни игри сега. | Igraya na kompyuturni igri sega. | I am playing computer games right now. |
The Bulgarian present simple tense is translated to English by using the present simple (I play) or present continuous (I am playing).
The Bulgarian present simple tense is also used to talk about an action that started in a specific time in past and continues into the present. In this case, it is translated into English by using present continuous.
| Сестра ми живее в Америка 10 години. | Sestra mi zhivee v Amerika ot 10 godini. | My sister has been living in the USA for 10 years. |
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2. Signal words
Present simple tense is used with adverbs of frequency:
| Винаги | Vinagi | Always |
| Обикновено | Obiknoveno | Usually |
| Често | Chesto | Often |
| Понякога | Ponyakoga | Sometimes |
| Рядко | Ryadko | Rarely |
| Никога | Nikoga | Never |
3. Verb conjugation
А/Я Group (3rd conjunction)
All the verbs from this group end in - АМ /- ЯМ in the first person singular and contain the vowel -А/-Я in the endings for all persons in singular and plural.
Verb: Искам - to want
| A group (- ам) | |
|---|---|
| Аз (не) искам | I (don't) want |
| Ти (не) искаш | You (don't) want |
| Той (не) иска | He (doesn't) want |
| Ние (не) искаме | We (don't) want |
| Вие (не) искате | You (don't) want |
| Те (не) искат | They (don't) want |
Verb: Вечерям - to dine
| Я group (-ям) | |
|---|---|
| Аз (не) вечерям | I (don´t) dine |
| Ти (не) вечеряш | You (don´t) dine |
| Той (не) вечеря | He (doesn´t) dine |
| Ние (не) вечеряме | We (don´t) dine |
| Вие (не) вечеряте | You (don´t) dine |
| Те (не) вечерят | They (don´t) dine |
Some verbs of this group are: вечерям (to have a dinner) , забравям ( to forget) , закусвам ( to have breakfast), затварям (to close) , искам (to want) , казвам (to say), купувам (to buy), отварям (to open) , обичам (to love), харесвам (to like), обядвам (to have lunch).
E group (1st Conjunction)
many of the verbs from E group end in a vowel + Я in 1st person singular.
Verb: Пия - To drink
| E group (vowel + Я) | |
|---|---|
| Аз (не) пия | I (don´t) drink |
| Ти (не) пиеш | You (don´t) drink |
| Той (не) пие | He (doesn´t) drink |
| Ние (не) пием | We (don´t) drink |
| Вие (не) пиете | You (don´t) drink |
| Те (не) пият | They (don´) drink |
Some verbs from this group: желая (to desire), зная (to know), играя (to play), мечтая (to dream), мия (to wash), мога (t be able), пея (to sing), пия (to drink), пиша (to write), чета (to read).
И - group (2nd Conjunction)
almost all of the verbs from the И - group end in a consonant + Я in the 1st person singular
Verb: Правя - To do
| И group (consonant + Я) | |
|---|---|
| Аз (не) правя | I (don´t) do |
| Ти (не) правиш | You (don´t) do |
| Той (не) прави | He (doesn´t) do |
| Ние (не) правим | We (don´t) do |
| Вие (не) правите | You (don´t) do |
| Те (не) правят | They (don´t) do |
Some verbs from this group: вървя (to walk), говоря (to talk), готвя (to cook), каня (to invite), мисля (to think), моля (to ask), уча (to study), ходя (to walk).
4. Conjugation of Reflexive verbs
The reflexive verb have the same form of the regular ones, but the reflexive pronouns are added - "СЕ" and "СИ"
Verb: Връщам се - To return
| Reflexive pronoun - "СЕ" | |
|---|---|
| Аз (не) се връщам | I (don't) come back |
| Ти (не) се връщаш | You (don't) come back |
| Той (не) се връща | He (doesn't) come back |
| Ние (не) се връщаме | We (don't) come back |
| Вие (не) се връщате | You (don't) come back |
| Те (не) се връщат | They (don't) come back |
Verb: Имам си- To have
| Reflexive pronoun "СИ" | |
|---|---|
| Аз (не) си имам | I (don't) have |
| Ти (не) и имаш | You (don't) have |
| Той (не) си има | He (doesn´t) have |
| Ние (не) си имаме | We (don't) have |
| Вие (не) си имате | You (don't) have |
| Те (не) си имат | They (don't) have |