Future tense in Bulgarian
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Hide1. When to use the future tense?
Knowing when and how to use the future tense will help you talk about future events.It will make it easier for you to express your thought and feeling and to understand people even better.
We use it about: actions that will be performed after the moment of speaking.
| Утре ще ходя на училище. | Utre shte hodya na uchilishte. | Tomorrow I will go to school. |
| В неделя отивам на почивка. | V nedelya otivam na pochivka. | On Sunday I am going on a vacation. |
| След две седмици ще имам книжка. | Sled dve sedmici shte imam knizhjka. | In two weeks I will have a driving license. |
Notice that, unlike in English, in Bulgarian we do not have a tense agreement in reported speech.
- Той ми каза , че ще дойде.
- He told me that he would come.
The Bulgarian future tense can be translated into English using Simple Future Tense, Future Continuous Tense or with the phrase "going to + infinitive".
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2. Signal words
Usually it is very easy to understand when and how to use the future tense. Here are some time markers that will help you to use it properly.
| довечера | tonight |
| тази вечер | this evening |
| утре | tomorrow |
| следващата година | next year |
| следващия уикенд | next weekend |
| следващото лято | next summer |
3. Formation and verb conjugation
Affirmative form of the future tense
We usually form the future tense by using the participle "Ще" (which is the same as "Will") and the present tense form of the verb.
Ще (Will) + present tense form of the verb
| Ще купя хляб. | Shte kupya hlyab. | I will buy bread. |
| Ще ходя в Испания. | Shte hodya v Ispniya. | I will go to Spain. |
| Ще уча френски. | Shte ucha Frenski. | I will learn French |
Negative form of the future tense
We usaully form negative forms of the future tense using "Няма да" (Wont') and the present form of the verb.
Няма да (Won´t) + present form of the verb
Verb: Ходя - To walk
| (+) | (+) | (-) | (-) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Аз ще ходя. | I will go. | Аз няма да ходя. | I won't go. |
| Ти ще ходиш. | You will go. | Ти няма да ходиш. | You won't go. |
| Той/тя/то ще ходи | He/she/it will go. | Той/тя/то няма да ходи. | She/he/it won't go. |
| Ние ще ходим. | We will go. | Ние няма да ходим. | We won't go. |
| Вие ще ходите. | You will go. | Вие няма да ходите. | You won't go. |
| Те ще ходят. | They will go. | Те няма да ходят. | They won't go. |
4. Conjugation of reflexive verbs
Pay attention to the reflexive pronouns that we already have mentioned in the leson for the present tense - "Се" and "Си".
Verb: Връщам се - to return/come back
| (+) | (+) | (-) | (-) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Аз ще се върна. | I will come back. | Аз няма да се върна. | I won't come back. |
| Ти ще се върнеш. | You will come back. | Ти няма да се върнеш. | You won't come back. |
| Той/тя/то ще се върне | He/she/it will come back. | Той/тя/то няма да се върнат. | He/she/it won't come back. |
| Ние ще се върнем. | We will come back. | Ние няма да се върнем. | We won't come back. |
| Вие ще се върнете. | You will come back. | Вие няма да се върнете. | You won't come back. |
| Те ще се върнат. | They will come back | Те няма да се върнат. | They won't come back. |
Verb: Мия си - To wash
(+) | (+) | (-) | (-) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Аз ще си мия | I will wash myself | Аз няма да си мия | I won't wash myself |
| Ти ще си миеш | You will wash yourself | Ти няма да си миеш | You won't wash yourself |
| Той/тя/то ще си мие | He/she/it will wash himself/herself/itself | Той няма да си мие | He/she/it won´t wash himself/herself/itself |
| Ние ще си мием | We will wash ourselves | Ние няма да си мием | We won't wash ourselves |
| Вие ще си миете | You will wash yourselves | Вие няма да си миете | You won't wash yourselves |
| Те ще си мият | They will wash themselves | Те няма си мият | They won't wash themselves. |